英语词汇文章26~28

The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web, The WWW or the Web refers to an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet. It was invented by the English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990. The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet.

Website 网站

refer to 代指的是

where = in which

interlink 相互连接

hypertext 超文本 - hypertension

was invent by 被…发明

primary 首要的

Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In addition to formatted text, web pages may contain images, video, audio, and software components that are rendered in the user’s web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content. Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages. Multiple web pages with a common domain name make up a website. Website content can largely be provided by the publisher or by users who contribute content online.

annotate 解释，注释

in addition to 除了

render 提取，提供，渲染

coherent 一致的，连贯的

embed 嵌入，内置

permit 允许

Recently, many people have criticized today’s misuse of the web. The inventor of the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee himself has warned of the dangers of the Internet. According to him, the web has become a tool in the hand of the powerful to get what they want. For example, he warns that fake news is disseminated either to generate a lot of money or to attempt to manipulate people’s opinions. Another worry was the gross invasion of privacy. Tim Berners-Lee is also concerned about governments’ misuse of the Internet to collect personal data to manipulate or oppress people.

misuse - abuse

hand of the powerful 掌权者

disseminate 散播

manipulate - control

gross 严重的，大的，总体的

invade - invasion

oppress 镇压

central access oppress via navigate interact manipulate invent criticize misuse browser multiple generate permit audio warn embed content gross scientist primary invasion contribute page

Friendship

Friendship is defined as a bond of affection between two people. People are referred to as best friends if the friendship is really strong. This relationship is characterized by positive interpersonal qualities such as kindness, generosity, loyalty, and honesty. True friends choose to be with one another, enjoy time spent together, and can engage in a positive and supportive role to one another.

is define as 被定义为

generosity 慷慨

interpersonal 人际间的

positive - optimistic - negative

What are the different types of friends?

Acquaintances

It’s easy to classify acquaintances. They’re the people you meet frequently at casual places but don’t truly know each other. These are people we know well enough to strike up a conversation with from time to time, but not people we’d ask to a dinner party or contact for help.

Acquaintance - stranger

be acquainted with - familiar

strike up 开启

time to time 时而不时

Close friends

You’re more inclined to seek help or support from a close buddy. There is not only a high level of trust amongst close friends but also a great deal of genuine love and affection. Even if you disagree with a close friend’s decisions, you would protect his or her freedom to make them.

Best friends

Although best friends are quite rare, they are people whom we need in our lives. Your best friend understands you without much explanation and is always there for you. Your relationship with your best friend is not dependent on the time you spend together. You may not meet your best friends for a long time. But once you get in touch with them, you feel as if nothing has changed in your friendship. These connections are distinct in their ability to adapt the the environment and endure despite the vagaries of life.

as if 仿佛

distinct 不同的

vagaries 变换莫测

Virtual friends

Virtual friendship is a relatively new type of friendship. It refers to friendship that takes place on the internet and is unlikely to be connected to real-life interaction. It is contrasted with the traditional friendships that we have listed above. The latter is a form of relationship that requires a lot of face-to-face connection.

This type of friendship developed as a result of advances in technology. The internet, especially social media, played an undeniable role in connecting people worldwide.

contrast 相反的

as a result of 作为…的结果

undeniable 无法否认的

  1. There are different levels of friendship. True
  2. Best friends are necessarily people we always meet. False
  3. Virtual friendship is an old type of relationships. False

distinct characterize adapt engage freedom seek strike up traditional undeniable dependent affection contact incline endure acquaintance bond generosity genuine loyalty honesty

Independence Day

Independence Day, also referred to as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is an American federal holiday commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies were no longer under the rule of the monarch of Britain (George III), and they were united, free, and independent states.

also refer to as = also known as

FBI = Federal Bureau of Investigation

commemorate 纪念

colony 殖民地

monarch 君主 - monarchy 君主制

Independence Day is the national day of the United States and is associated with many activities. Public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States are organized. It is also generally associated with fireworks, family gatherings, carnivals, fairs picnics, and concerts.

9 Interesting facts about Independence Day

Here are 9 interesting facts about Independence Day:

  1. Congress had voted for the declaration of independence on July 2, but it was not declared until July 4.
  2. On June 11, 1776, Congress appointed a “Committee of Five”, consisting of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman, to draft the declaration. Jefferson wrote the first draft which was then edited by the others and then edited again by the whole Congress.
  3. Fifty-six members of Congress signed the declaration.
  4. By a striking coincidence, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, the only two signatories of the Declaration of Independence later to serve as presidents of the United States, died on the same day: July 4, 1826, which was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration.
  5. Although not a signatory of the Declaration of Independence, James Monroe, another Founding Father who was elected as president, also died on July 4, 1831, making him the third President who died on the anniversary of independence.
  6. The only U.S. president to have been born on Independence Day was Calvin Coolidge, who was born on July 4, 1872.
  7. Almost 100 years after the Declaration of Independence, in 1870, July 4 was made an official holiday by Congress.
  8. Every 4th of July, the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia is tapped thirteen times in honor of the original 13 American colonies.
  9. fireworks are an important part of the holiday because the first Independence Day celebration on July 4, 1777, witnessed Americans meeting to watch as the sky illuminated to commemorate the new nation.

draft 起稿

meeting = gathering

in honor of = commemorate

illuminate 照亮

  1. The downsizing or the restructuring of an organization.
  2. New challenges or opportunities that arise.
  3. Poor or ineffective leadership.
  4. Having a poor relationship with a manager.
  5. For the improvement of a better work/life balance.
  6. Contributions are not being recognized.
  7. For better compensation and benefits.
  8. For better alignment with personal and organizational values.
  9. Personal strengths and capabilities.
  10. The financial instability of an organization.
  11. An organization relocated.

Downsize 缩减

restructuring 重新调整

alignment 配合

Because the world has become so competitive, you will have to do your best to secure your share of success. The following are tips to get you ahead in your career.

  1. Priority and goals

What are your priorities of the day? Make a list and of your priorities and plan your day. The tasks of the day must be outlined with the most important and urgent ones on top.

Likewise determine your short-term and long-term goals and evaluate your progress frequently.

  1. Be focused

Are you really present physically and mentally. Try to block out all distractions so that you have the time to truly focus on your tasks and career.

  1. Broaden your skills

Nothing remains the same and so do job requirements. Update your knowledge and skills. Seek improvement of your know-hows. Attend seminars, conferences, read books, be an eternal learner.

know-hows = expertise

  1. Socialize

Be ready to participate in social functions .Be open to new acquaintances. Meet new people and deal with them respectfully and enthusiastically. Be an active listener; you will surely learn something new…

  1. Know your merits

Know your strengths and weaknesses. If you think you deserve a position or promotion, claim it.

  1. Accept challenge

Through challenge you will reach areas of your personality you have never discovered before. It is a good idea to step away from you comfort zone to explore new horizons. If you settle into a routine and play it safe all the time, you will never get ahead in your career. If you always do what you’ve always done, you’ll only get what you’ve already got’

  1. Communication

Learn to communicate effectively. Listen to what others are saying and focus on how to give and receive constructive feedback, to persuade effectively and to ask for help and collect information.

  1. Avoid gossip

Avoid office gossip about colleagues and the boss. Be respectful and work for the good of the company.

  1. Relax

Relax and do something different, a hobby that you love doing. Take time off for yourself. This will help boost your productivity during week days.

  1. Seek satisfaction

If you are disappointed with what you are doing, try to transform it into something you love. If you fail, it might be a good idea to do something different. As Confucius said: ‘Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. ‘